Oncology emergency modules: spinal cord compression.
نویسندگان
چکیده
SCC occurs as a result of a malignant neoplasm compressing the spinal cord. Malignant tumors may be classified as primary (i.e., arising from the tissue of the spinal cord or spinal canal) or secondary (i.e., arising as metastatic solid tumors) (Schafer, 1997). SCC most commonly is caused by metastatic tumors. Progression of symptoms is more rapid with metastatic tumors when compared to primary spinal cord tumors (Wilkes, 1999). The most frequent types of primary malignancies causing skeletal metastasis are lung, breast, and prostate, followed by lymphoma, myeloma, and renal carcinoma (Schafer, 1997). The location of the metastatic lesion in the spine correlates with the type of primary malignancy. Cervical spine lesions often are caused by primary breast tumors; thoracic spine lesions often are caused by primary lung, breast, and prostate tumors; and lumbosacral spine lesions often are caused by gastrointestinal and prostate malignancies (Wilkes). The most frequent site of metastasis that causes SCC is the thoracic area of the spinal column. Paraneoplastic syndromes, carcinomatous myelopathy, radiation myelopathy, herpes zoster, retroperitoneal tumor, or toxicity of cytotoxic medications also may cause spinal cord syndromes. Other causes include nonmalignant conditions in patients with cancer, such as herniated disks, vertebral fractures secondary to osteoporosis, and intraspinal abscesses (DeMichele & Glick, 2001).
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Oncology nursing forum
دوره 30 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2003